Agricultural Water Utilization Efficiency and Its Influencing Factors in China: Based on MinDW Model
Li Jinga and Xu Deyub
摘要：农业一直是主要耗水量最大的部门，与此同时，中国水资源的地区分布不均、低效使用问题长期以来一直制约着农业的发展，加之农业面源污染的环境约束，都导致了农业水资源供需矛盾的不断恶化。本文基于MinDW模型，克服传统DEA模型及基于松弛测度的SBM模型的缺陷，并把用水效率分解成纯技术效率和规模效率，考察不同农业区域农业用水效率及规模波动，最后使用Tobit模型对农业用水效率的决定因素进行了计量检验。结果表明，全国综合用水效率仍有较大节水潜力，且具有空间、时间波动大的特点；不同用水区之间，纯技术用水效率与模型效率差异较大。用水效率决定因素的计量检验表明，地区水资源禀赋并不是唯一因素，因此需要针对不同地区的实际情况开展水资源管理、规模化生产以及尝试建立合理的农业用水价格机制等，都会提升农业用水效率。
关键词 ： 农业用水效率, 空间异质性, MinDW模型, 影响因素
Abstract: Agriculture has always been the main water－consuming sector． At the same time， the unequal distribution
and inefficient use of water resources in China has restricted the development of agriculture for a long time． In addition to the environmental constraints of agricultural non－point source pollution，all of these lead to the continuous de terioration of the contradiction between supply and demand of agricultural water resources． Based on a new DEA frontier model to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional DEA model and the SBM model based on the slacks measure， this paper investigates the agricultural water use efficiency and scale fluctuations in different agricultural regions and decomposes it into pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency． Moreover，the paper uses the Tobit model to measure the determinants of agricultural water efficiency．The results show that the national comprehensive water use efficiency have a large potential to save water，which has the characteristics of large fluctuations in space and time．There is a large difference between pure technical water use efficiency and scale efficiency among different water use zones．The empirical test of water efficiency determinants shows that regional water endowment is not the only factor affecting it． Therefore，it is necessary to carry out the water resources management system，the appropriate scale management and try to establish a reasonable water price mechanism for agriculture in different regions，which will help improve the efficiency of agricultural water use．
Keywords: Agricultural Water Utilization Efficiency; Spatial Heterogeneity; MinDW Model; Influencing Factors
基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目“资源与环境双重约束下的产业用水效率研究”（71473068）
全文：
中国农业的用水效率及其影响因素--基于MinDW模型的分析.pdf
DOI:10．19511/j．cnki．jee．2018．03．005