The Difference of Environmental Effects between International Trade and Intranational Trade
Wu Libo and Yu Chang
摘要：中国的贸易和环境污染特征，在总体规模、地域分布和行业分布上都呈现了较高程度的一致性。本文从内外贸易及环境质量的理论模型出发，以工业企业数据库为主要数据来源对国际贸易、国内贸易对环境的影响进行了行业层面的实证分析。研究表明，国际贸易对中国主要环境污染物的排放都有抑制作用，这说明国际贸易对环境的脱钩效应和收入效应占主导地位；而国内贸易对环境污染物的排放则有促进作用，说明国内贸易对环境的替代效应占主导地位；从行业污染排放层面来看，行业规模的扩大会导致污染物排放增加，行业环境规制的提高会导致污染物排放下降，而行业资本密集度、行业科技水平、行业外资比例等对不同污染物排放的影响不尽相同；从贸易结构来看，行业的后向关联性越大，当该行业的出口增加时，国内的污染物排放将会下降。中国的工业行业应该坚持走清洁发展道路，不断优化产业结构，缩小与发达国家之间的差距。
关键词 ： 国际贸易, 国内贸易, 环境污染
Abstract: The trade and environmental pollution in China have shown a high degree of consistency in overall size,geographical distribution and industrial distribution. Therefore, this article attempts to use the industrial enterprise database and establish an empirical model and aims at studying the relationship between trade and environment in China at the industrial level. In terms of the environmental effects of international trade, international trade shows inhibited effect in all pollution indicators, indicating that the decoupling effect and the income effect dominate; Considering of the environmental effects of intranational trade, intranational trade shows promoted effect in all pollution indicators, which indicate that the substitution effect dominates; As to industrial factors, the increase of industrial scale will increase the emission of these pollutants and the environmental regulation will result in less emission of these pollutants. The effects of capital labor ratio, technology level and the ratio of foreign capital range from different industries; If an industry has a significant influence coefficient, when the export of this industry increases, the emission will get lower. China's industrial enterprise should adhere to the clean development and optimize industrial structure to narrow the gap with developed countries. Keywords:International Trade; Intranational Trade; Environmental Pollution
DOI:10.19511/j.cnki.jee.2017.02.002