摘要：区域碳生态补偿是实现我国碳中和目标的有效途径，其前提是合理界定区域碳排放和碳汇，相对碳汇核算，区域碳排放责任界定由于碳转移问题而更加复杂，因此，构建公平的区域碳生态补偿方案需先公平界定区域碳排放责任。基于MRIO模型，本文在共担责任原则下公平界定了省域碳排放，并结合碳汇核算结果，将共担责任原则下的省域碳排放嵌入至省域生态安全评级和绝对以及相对碳生态补偿方案。研究结果表明：共担责任原则体现“利益大，责任大”的分配思路，相对生产责任原则和消费责任原则更加折中。我国省域生态安全指数呈现“东高西低”特征，东部省域难以通过自身碳汇产业发展来实现碳抵消，而需要与西部碳汇资源丰富的省域以碳生态补偿的方式实现碳中和。省域绝对和相对碳生态补偿方案将碳责任补偿和碳中和补偿相结合，且生产责任原则下被高估碳排放责任的省域，碳汇总量丰富和经济欠发达的省域通常会得到碳补偿，该分配方案体现了目标与责任兼顾，公平与效率结合的特征。本文研究结论为我国实现碳中和目标提供了理论依据和政策参考。
China’s Provincial Carbon Ecological Compensation under Carbon Neutrality Goal: Based on the Perspective of Shared Responsibility
Wang Wenzhi, Zhang Xiaoyu
Abstract: Regional carbon eco-compensation is an effective way to achieve China’s carbon neutrality goal, and its prerequisite is the reasonable definition of regional carbon emissions and sinks. Compared with the accounting of carbon sinks, the definition of regional carbon emission responsibility is more complicated due to the problem of carbon transfer, so the construction of fair regional carbon eco-compensation scheme needs to define the responsibility of regional carbon emissions fairly first. Based on the MRIO model, this paper defines the provincial carbon emissions under the principle of shared responsibility, and combines the results of carbon sink accounting to embed the provincial carbon emissions under the principle of shared responsibility into the provincial ecological security rating and the absolute relative carbon eco-compensation scheme. The results of the study show that the principle of shared responsibility embodies the allocation idea of “greater benefits, greater responsibility”, and is more eclectic than the principles of production responsibility and consumption responsibility. China’s provincial ecological security index shows the characteristic of “high in the east and low in the west”, and it is difficult for the eastern provinces to achieve carbon offset through the development of their own carbon sink industries, and they need to achieve carbon neutralization through carbon eco-compensation with the western provinces that are rich in carbon sink resources. The inter-provincial absolute and relative carbon eco-compensation scheme combines carbon liability compensation and carbon neutrality compensation, and the provinces with overestimated carbon emission responsibilities under the production responsibility principle, and the provinces with rich carbon sinks and less developed economies usually receive carbon compensation, and the distribution scheme reflects the characteristics of balancing goals and responsibilities, and combining fairness and efficiency. The thesis research provides a theoretical basis and policy reference for China to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality.
Keywords: Carbon Emission Responsibility; Carbon Ecological Compensation; Carbon Sink; Dual Control of Carbon Emissions
