摘要：随着人工智能技术与经济社会的深度融合发展，智能制造为提升能源利用效率提供了“弯道超车”的新契机。文章利用2008—2021年中国278个地级及以上城市的面板数据，实证检验智能制造对城市能源利用效率的影响，以及人机协作在其中发挥的作用。研究表明，智能制造对能源利用效率具有显著的改善效应，且该结论经过一系列内生性处理和稳健性检验后依然成立。与此同时，智能制造对中国高数字经济发展水平城市、非资源型城市及中西部区域城市的能源利用效率具有更明显的推动作用。此外，面板平滑转换模型结果表明，当人机协作水平越过门槛值后，智能制造能够充分释放对能源利用效率的驱动作用。研究结论为推进中国制造业智能化转型，实现经济增长与环境保护协同发展提供了经验证据和政策启示。
关键词：智能制造；能源利用效率；人机协作；面板平滑转换回归模型
Intelligent Manufacturing, Man-Machine Cooperation and Energy Efficiency: From the Perspective of Industrial Robot Application
Guo Xiaoyang, Zhang Xiuwu, Yang Jingyi
Abstract: As artificial intelligence technology integrates deeply with economic and social development, smart manufacturing presents a new opportunity for a leapfrogging advancement in enhancing energy utilization efficiency. Drawing upon panel data from 278 prefecture-level and above cities in China spanning from 2008 to 2021, this article empirically examines the impact of smart manufacturing on urban energy utilization efficiency and the dynamic mechanism of human-machine collaboration in this transmission process. The research reveals that smart manufacturing exerts a notable improvement effect on energy utilization efficiency, a conclusion that remains robust after a series of endogenous treatments and robustness checks. Concurrently, smart manufacturing demonstrates a more pronounced boosting effect on energy utilization efficiency in cities with a high level of digital economic development, non-resource-based cities, and those located in central and western regions of China. Furthermore, the panel smooth transition model indicates that when the level of human-machine collaboration surpasses a threshold, smart manufacturing fully unleashes its driving force on energy utilization efficiency. These findings provide empirical evidence and policy implications for advancing the intelligent transformation of China's manufacturing industry and achieving coordinated development between economic growth and environmental protection.
Keywords: Smart Manufacturing; Energy Utilization Efficiency; Human-Machine Collaboration; Panel Smooth Transition Regression Model
