生态产品价值实现的治理机制与政策设计

摘要：从生态产品价值实现的初衷出发，可以从两个方面理解生态产品价值实现的核心要义：一是生态财富的市场认可，二是生态财富的制度认可。前者通过生态产业化，使生态资源成为生产要素参与经济活动，使隐性的生态产品价值得到市场的认可，目的是把生态财富转化为经济财富，支持生态优势地区培育形成新的经济增长点。后者通过生态补偿机制等制度和政策设计，使隐性的生态服务价值得到制度的认可，目的是让保护修复生态环境的行为获得合理回报，让生态功能地区更好地保护生态环境。当前，生态产品价值实现的治理机制尚不健全，完善生态产品价值实现的治理机制，其核心是明晰相关的利益主体及其责任分担和利益协调机制。对于生态产业化，需要重视要素报酬分配机制设计，让投入生态产业的人造资本与人力资本得到合理回报，以吸纳社会资本进入生态产业化领域。政府调节型生态补偿的治理机制涉及到上下级政府之间、异地政府之间的补偿机制设计，其核心问题是明确补什么、补多少。市场化生态补偿的治理机制需要协调好保护修复生态环境的投入与收益之间的关系。完善生态产品价值实现的治理机制需要通过政策设计，厘清利益相关方之间的责任分担、利益协调、价值流闭环等问题。

关键词：生态产品价值；生态产业化；生态补偿；治理机制；利益相关方

Governance Mechanism and Policy design for Realizing Value of Ecological Products

Shi Minjun

Abstract：With the original intention of realizing the value of ecological products as the basis, the core essence of realizing the value of ecological products can be grasped through two key dimensions: one is market affirmation of eco-wealth, and the other is institutional endorsement of eco-wealth. The former, through ecological industrialization, integrates ecological resources into economic activities as productive assets, so that the implicit value of ecological products can be recognized by the market, with the goal of transforming ecological wealth into economic wealth, and nurturing new economic growth drivers in regions rich in ecological potential. The latter, through the institutional and policy design of the ecological compensation and other mechanisms, enables the intrinsic value of ecosystem services to be recognized by the institution, aiming to ensure that efforts to restore and protect the ecological environment are met with fair compensation, thereby reinforcing the commitment to ecological preservation in areas designated for ecological functions. The current governance mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products leaves much to be improved, the core of completing which is to clarify the relevant interests and form a fair and effective mode of sharing responsibilities and distributing benefits among them. For ecological industrialization, it is crucial to focus on the reward distribution mechanism for the various elements involved, ensuring that the manufactured capital and human capital invested in the eco-industry can receive a reasonable payoff, in order to incentivize the inflow of social capital into the eco-industrial sector. For government-regulated ecological compensation mechanisms, it is essential to address the compensation between superior and subordinate governments, as well as among different regional governments, with the core issues of determining “for what” to be compensated and “how much”to be compensated. The governance mechanism of market-based ecological compensation needs to strike a balance between the inputs and benefits of restoring and protecting the ecological environment. Improving the governance mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products requires the formulation of sounder policies that not only clarify the division of responsibilities and the coordination of interests among stakeholders, but also ensure a closed value loop of ecological products.

Keywords: Value of Ecological Products；Ecological Industrialization；Ecological Compensation；Governance Mechanism；Stakeholders

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