Imbalance between Trade Benefits and Environmental Costs of China's Exports
Pan An, Xie Qizhuo and Dai Ling
摘要：在全球价值链分工体系下，中国是世界第一大货物出口国，但同时也是第一大碳排放国，出口获得的贸易利益与付出的环境成本之间的关系值得关注。本文使用世界投入产出数据库提供的数据，利用增加值和隐含碳分别衡量出口的贸易利益与环境成本，通过构建和测算关系指数考察中国出口贸易利益与环境成本的失衡关系，并借助国家和行业层面的贡献度来分析产生失衡的主要来源。研究结果表明，全球价值链分工的确引起了中国出口贸易利益与环境成本的失衡，但失衡程度总体呈下降趋势；对美国等国家或地区的出口可能造成中国出口贸易利益与环境成本的失衡；制造业出口是导致中国出现贸易利益与环境成本失衡的主要原因。此外，中国全球价值链分工地位的提升有利于减缓出口贸易利益与环境成本的失衡。基于此，本文提出要注重贸易与环境关系的协调发展，加强与新兴经济体的贸易合作，提升中国在全球价值链中的分工地位等应对措施。
关键词：全球价值链；总贸易核算法；增加值；隐含碳；环境成本
Abstract:In the labor division of global value chains, China is not only the largest exporter of goods but also the largest emitter of carbon emissions in the world. The relationship between the trade benefits and the environmental costs of exports is worthy of attention. Using the data provided by World Input-Output Database, this paper measures trade benefits and environmental costs of exports based on value-added and embodied carbon emissions respectively. Then, the relationship index is constructed and calculated to measure the degree of imbalance between trade benefits and environmental costs of China' s exports. Besides, the sources of the imbalance are analyzed based on national-level and sector-level contribution. The results show that labor division of global value chains led to an imbalance between trade benefits and environmental costs of China' s exports, but the degree of imbalance showed a gradual downward trend. The exports to countries such as the United and the States may contribute to the majority of imbalance between trade benefits and environmental costs, and the exports of manufacturing were the main reason for the imbalance between trade benefits and environmental costs of China. In addition, the promotion of China' s GVC position contributed to mitigating the imbalance between trade benefits and environmental costs of China' s exports. Based on above analysis, this paper proposes that the importance should be attached to the coordinated development of trade and environment, strengthening the trade cooperation with emerging economies and enhancing China's GVC position.
Keywords:Global Value Chains; Gross Trade Accounting Method; Value-added; Embodied Carbon; Environmental Costs
项目资助：国家社会科学基金青年项目“全球价值链分工的碳排放转移效应及中国对策研究”（19CGJ041）、教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“全球价值链视角下中国出口的贸易 利益与环境代价研究”（18YJC790121）、中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“中国参与全球价值链分工的贸易利益及其提升路径研究”（2722019JCT005）。
DOI:10.19511/j.cnki.jee.2019.03.002