摘要：贸易隐含碳减排是实现中国“双碳”目标的重要组成部分，公平合理的贸 易碳排放责任分担及补偿机制是缓解贸易“碳泄漏”问题及推进合作碳减排进程的关键。本文基于最新的中国省际多区域投入产出模型，从责任与收益对等原则出发，提出贸易碳排放责任公平共担方案，并结合不同区域的碳减排成本因素，设计中国省际贸易碳补偿机制。研究发现：2017年中国省际贸易隐含碳排放占总排放量的46.6%，且碳转移主要发生在相邻省份之间。人口稠密及经济体量大的省份具有较高的贸易碳排放责任，不过不同地区的碳排放责任结构有所差异。工业发达的内陆省份具有较高的生产侧责任，而经济发达的沿海省份具有较高的消费侧责任。因此，碳补偿方向主要表现为发达省份向欠发达省份补偿，同时补偿量受双方贸易产品碳强度差异影响。由于不同地区的补偿标准差异，省域间的碳补偿量与碳补偿额并非完全一致。最后，基于碳补偿方案，本文从补偿方式、运行模式及监督保障等方面构建中国省际贸易碳补偿机制，推动区域间合作减排进程。
关键词：多区域投入产出；碳转移；排放责任；碳补偿
Measurement of Trade Embodied Carbon Emissions from China's Inter-provincial and Cross Regional Compensation Mechanisms
Abstract: The trade embodied carbon emission reduction is an important component of achieving China's carbon target. Fair and reasonable responsibility sharing and compensation mechanism for carbon emission embodied in trade is the key to alleviate the problem of trade carbon leakage and promote the process of cooperative carbon emission reduction. Based on the latest China's multi-regional input-output model, this paper proposes a fair responsibility sharing scheme of trade-embodied carbon emissions from the principle of reciprocity of responsibility and benefit, and designs a trans regional trade carbon compensation mechanism combined with the carbon abatement cost factors in different regions. The study finds that the carbon emissions embodied in China's inter-provincial trade accounted for 46.6% of China's total emissions in 2017, and the inter-regional embodied carbon transfer mainly occurs between neighboring provinces. Provinces with dense population and large economic volume had higher responsibility for trade carbon emissions, but the structure of carbon emission responsibility varies between different provinces. Industrialized inland provinces have higher production-side responsibilities, while economically developed coastal provinces have a high consumption-side responsibility. The direction of carbon compensation mainly appeared to be from developed to less developed provinces. However, due to different compensation standards in different regions, the carbon compensation volume between provinces is not completely consistent with the carbon compensation value. Finally, based on the carbon compensation scheme, this paper builds a carbon compensation mechanism for China's inter-provincial trade from the aspects of compensation mode, operation mode, supervision and security, promoting the process of interregional cooperation to reduce emissions. Keywords: Multi-regional Input-Output; Carbon Transfer; Emission Responsibility; Carbon Compensation
