摘要：生态产品价值实现促进农民增收是完善绿水青山就是金山银山体制机制的重要内容。本文基于生态产品的内部要素分解和外部属性归类两个视角，探究生态产品价值实现对农民收入提升的作用机理，并讨论其转化难点与突破路径。研究认为：生态产品中的生态要素是集生存、生产和生活为一体的综合要素，不同要素通过补偿化、商品化和资本化的形式获取回报，并提升农民各项收入；在农村集体所有制背景下，生态产品具有不同程度的排他性和竞争性，借助权利交易和竞争优势能转变为农民的多元化收入；生态要素补偿化资金来源有限、商品化流通渠道堵塞和资本化利益联结松散，以及生态产权中排他性价值残缺、竞争性价值稀薄，是生态产品转化为农民收入的难点。据此，构建农民嵌入下的生态产品“价值链-供应链-资金链”以疏通生态要素转化通道，完善“制度嵌入下生态权利向生态红利转变”的“脱域”机制以激活农民生态权利交易，协同两者作为生态产品价值实现的并行突破路径，从而更好促进农民增收。
关键词：生态产品价值实现；农民增收；生态要素；权利属性
The Ecological Products Value Realizing Promote Farmers’ Income Increasing: Mechanism Explanation, Transformation Difficulties and Breakthrough Paths
Chen Kaida , Luo Huawei, Qiu Shuilin
Abstract: Realizing the value of ecological products and promoting farmers’ income growth is a crucial part of improving the system and mechanisms where green mountains and clear waters are as valuable as mountains of gold and silver. This study explores the operational mechanisms for increasing farmers’ income through the realization of ecological product value, based on the decomposition of internal elements and classification of external attributes of ecological products, and addresses the challenges and breakthrough paths for this transformation. The research reveals that ecological elements in ecological products are comprehensive factors integrating survival, production, and daily life. These elements generate returns through compensation, commodification, and capitalization, and can increase farmers’ income in various ways. In the context of rural collective ownership, ecological products exhibit varying levels of exclusivity and competitiveness. By leveraging rights trading and competitive advantages, they can be transformed into diversified income for farmers. The main obstacles to converting ecological products into farmers' income include limited compensation funds, obstructed commercial circulation channels, weak connections between capitalized interests, and incomplete exclusive value and competitiveness of ecological property rights. To address these challenges, the study suggests building an ecological product value chain – supply chain – capital chain with farmer involvement to facilitate the transformation of ecological elements. Additionally, it proposes improving the “disembedding” mechanism for transforming “ecological rights into ecological dividends” under institutional frameworks, activating ecological rights trading for farmers, and using these two approaches as a parallel breakthrough path to fully realize the value of ecological products and enhance farmers’ income growth.
Keywords: Ecological Product Value Realization; Farmers’ Income Increasing; Ecological Elements; Rights Attribute
全文：
生态产品价值实现促进农民增收：机理阐释、转化难点与突破路径.pdf