Energy Embodied in China’s Intermediate and Final Goods Trade
Xia Quanzhi, Wu Xiaofang and Luo Jing
摘要：中国是世界上第一大能源消费国。面对不断增长的节能减排压力，如何从能源使用角度调整和优化我国的进出口贸易结构，对国家可持续发展具有重要意义。本文基于投入产出方法，从直接和间接消费视角出发，全面分析中国2015年中间品和最终品贸易相关的能源使用，综合衡量中国对外贸易中的能源需求。研究结果指出，超过1/3的能源使用隐含在中国的出口贸易中，其中2/3与中间品贸易有关，这些中间品主要出口到亚太地区，用于当地工业生产。在中国的进口贸易中，超过90%的能源使用隐含在中间品进口中，尤其是制造业产品和矿业产品进口。在与“一带一路”沿线国家贸易中，中国扮演了能源使用净进口角色，主要的净进口来源为国外矿业产品部门。本研究结果可为国家贸易和能源的平衡发展提供参考依据，以期加快实现绿色贸易。
关键词：对外贸易；投入产出法；隐含能源；进出口结构；能源贸易
Abstract: China is the world’s largest energy consumer. Faced with the growing pressure of energy conservation and emission reduction, it is of great significance to adjust and optimize China’s import and export trade structure in terms of energy use. Based on the input-output method, a comprehensive analysis on the direct and indirect energy resources use related to China’s foreign trade, including intermediate and final trade was conducted. More than one-third of the energy resources use was found to be embodied in China’s export, two-thirds of which were related to intermediate goods, mainly for the Asia-Pacific region’s industrial production. For China’s import, over 90% of energy resources use was revealed to be embodied in the import of intermediate goods, led by manufacturing industry products and mining products. In China’s trade with the other regions along the Belt and Road, China played a role as a net energy importer, mainly due to its large import from mining products sectors in foreign countries. The results can provide implications for balancing the extended trade profits and the increasing energy demands in China, and help achieve the goal of sustainable development.
Keywords: Foreign Trade; Input-output Analysis; Embodied Energy Resources; Trade Structure; Energy Trade
基金资助：本文系国家自然科学基金青年项目“我国地区经济关联的隐含能源流动研究：基于多尺度投入产出模型”（71804194）和中央高校基本科研业务费青年教师创新项目“我国城市产业集聚与生态效应研究：基于能值理论”（2722019JCT006）的阶段性成果。
