The Comparison of Implementation Effect of Local Environmental Laws
Shi Yadong
摘要：为了提高我国环境治理水平、探索适宜的环境治理模式，科学而全面地评估环境政策实施效果及其影响因素是必要的。本文在全面梳理北京市主要环境问题和环境法律法规体系的基础上，利用合成控制方法，实证检验了北京市已经实施的三项地方环境法规，即《北京市实施〈中华人民共和国大气污染防治法〉办法》《北京市大气污染防治条例》以及《北京市水污染防治条例》，对抑制相关污染物排放的实施效果。结果表明，三项法规中只有《北京市大气污染防治条例》取得了显著的实施效果。在比较各项法规的实施背景和具体内容等细则之后，本文认为公众关注和公众参与是影响环境法规取得显著减排效果的重要因素。分析和结论为发展中国家以公众参与作为途径，提高环境法规等正式规制政策的执行效果，提供了依据和启示。
关键词：环境法规；实施效果；合成控制方法；公众参与
Abstract: In order to improve the level of environmental governance and explore a suitable model of environmental governance, it is necessary to evaluate the effect of environmental policy implementation and its influencing factors scientifically and comprehensively. On the basis of a comprehensive review of the major environmental problems and environmental laws and regulations in Beijing, and by using synthetic control methods, this paper empirically examines the implementation effect on restraining the discharge of related pollutants of the three local environmental laws and regulations already implemented in Beijing, namely the Measures of Beijing Municipality for Implementing the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, Regulations of Beijing Municipality on Atmospheric Pollution Prevention and Control, and Regulations of Beijing Municipality on Water Pollution Prevention and Control. The results show that only the Regulations of Beijing Municipality on Atmospheric Pollution Prevention and Control have achieved remarkable results. After comparing the implementation background and specific content of various regulations, it is believed that public concern and public participation are important factors affecting the significant emission abatement effect of environmental laws. This analysis and conclusion provide basis and inspiration for developing countries to improve the implementation effect of formal environmental regulation policies such as environmental laws.
Keywords: Environmental Laws and Regulations; Implementation Effect; Synthetic Control Method; Public Participation
基金资助：国家社会科学基金青年项目“大数据背景下公众参与环境治理的程度评估与作用机制研究”（17CSH016）。
DOI:10.19511/j.cnki.jee.2020.02.007