摘要：中央生态环境保护督察是推动我国生态文明建设的重要制度安排，在改善环境质量与引导绿色发展中发挥了关键作用。探究其对经济高质量发展的影响及机制，有助于评估环境规制政策的长期成效与制度价值。本文基于245个接受第一轮中央环保督察和“回头看”的城市面板数据，采用多时点双重差分模型系统考察了中央环保督察对经济高质量发展的影响及其作用机制。研究发现：中央环保督察对经济高质量发展具有显著的促进作用，并且主要通过强化环境污染治理效应、促进产业结构合理化、提升城市绿色创新能力等机制发挥作用；在初始绿色全要素生产率低的地区、“秦岭－淮河”线以南的地区、能源依赖度低的地区，中央环保督察对经济高质量发展的促进作用更加显著。本文结果验证了环保督察及其“回头看”机制的协同政策效果，为健全生态环境监管长效机制提供了经验证据。
关键词：中央环保督察；高质量发展；绿色全要素生产率；多时点DID
The Impact of Central Inspections of Environmental Protection on the High-Quality Development of Urban Economy: Coercion or Incentive?
Liu Jiancui Zhang Xiaohan
Abstract: The central inspections of ecological and environmental protection are an important institutional arrangement to promote the construction of ecological civilization in China, and they play a crucial role in improving environmental quality and guiding green development. Exploring its impact on and mechanism for high-quality economic development is conducive to evaluating the long-term effectiveness and institutional value of environmental regulation policies. Based on the panel data of 245 cities that have undergone the first round of inspections and the “look back” inspections, this paper adopts a time-varying point difference-in-differences model to systematically examine the impact of the central inspection of environmental protection on the high-quality economic development and its mechanism of action. The research findings indicate that the central inspection of environmental protection has a significant promoting effect on high-quality economic development, and primarily operates through mechanisms such as reinforcing environmental pollution control, facilitating the rationalization of industrial structure, and enhancing urban green innovation capacity. In regions with a low initial green total factor productivity, areas south of the “Qinling-Huaihe” Line, and regions with low energy dependence, the promoting effect of the central inspection of environmental protection on high-quality economic development is more remarkable. The findings of this paper confirm the synergistic policy effects of central inspection of environmental protection and their “look back” supervision mechanisms, thereby providing robust empirical support for enhancing the long-term mechanism of ecological and environmental oversight.
Keywords: Central Inspections of Environmental Protection; High-Quality Economic Development; Green Total Factor Productivity; Vary-Time DID
