摘要：以制度型开放推动社会经济绿色转型与高质量发展是当前自由贸易试验区（FTZ）建设的核心导向。本研究首先基于制度成本和交易成本角度，构建了企业成本理论模型进行分析；进而利用2013—2021年中国227个地级及以上城市的面板数据，采用多期双重差分法实证检验了自由贸易试验区政策对企业绿色技术创新的影响效应与作用机制。研究发现：自贸区政策显著促进了试点城市整体的企业绿色技术专利申请数量增长，即提升了企业绿色创新产出绩效，此结论具有稳健性。机制检验表明，自贸区政策主要通过提高政府审批效率，从而降低企业制度成本，进而显著促进了城市绿色技术创新产出。异质性分析显示，深化开放型自贸区的政策效果最为显著，其次为制度创新型和产业转型升级型自贸区；同时，政策对能源替代、能源节约、交通运输以及行政监管等领域的绿色创新促进作用尤为突出。
关键词：自由贸易试验区；绿色创新；行政制度创新；知识产权保护；行政审批效率
Green Echoes from“Institutional Experimental Fields”： How Do Free Trade Zones Empower Corporate Green Innovation?
Yan Yaxue, Jiang Yinjuan , Zuo Xiaoju
Abstract: Promoting green socio-economic transformation and high-quality development through institutional opening-up is the core orientation of the current construction of Free Trade Zones (FTZs). This study first constructs a theoretical model of enterprise costs based on the perspectives of institutional costs and transaction costs. Then, using panel data from 227 prefecture-level and above cities in China from 2013 to 2021, a multi-period difference-in-differences method is employed to empirically test the impact effects and mechanisms of FTZ policies on corporate green technology innovation. The research finds that FTZ policies significantly promote the growth in the number of green technology patent applications by enterprises in pilot cities, thereby enhancing corporate green innovation output performance; this conclusion is robust. Mechanism tests indicate that FTZ policies primarily promote urban green technology innovation output by improving government approval efficiency, thereby reducing corporate institutional costs. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the policy effects of deepening open-oriented FTZs are the most significant, followed by institutionally innovative and industrial transformation and upgrading FTZs. Meanwhile, the policies have a particularly prominent promoting effect on green innovation in fields such as energy substitution, energy conservation, transportation, and administrative regulation.
Keywords: Free Trade Zone (FTZ); Green Innovation; Administrative System Innovation; Intellectual Property Protection; Administrative Approval Efficiency
高质量发展下的“制度试验田”：自贸区如何赋能企业绿色创新？.pdf