摘要：大气污染的空间溢出效应导致了属地大气污染的非对称性特征，大气污染非对称性的研究不仅能够更深入地理解大气污染分布，而且为大气污染区域协同治理提供重要支撑和参考。本文首先将大气污染定义为环境质量污染和废气排放污染，通过对比分析定义了大气污染非对称性特征；然后以2011—2019年长江经济带130个城市为研究对象，从空间演变特征探讨大气污染非对称性，并且研究了大气污染非对称性的形成机制、作用机制和影响机制。研究发现，（1）环境质量污染的重心轨迹呈现“北进南退”特征，期初受川渝经济圈和长江中游经济圈影响较大，期末受皖北地区大气污染的牵引影响明显；废气排放污染的重心轨迹呈现“南进北退”特征，期初受长三角地区影响较大，期末由于长江东部城市的高效治污，东部的废气排放污染治理效果显著强于其他地区。（2）环境质量污染程度严重的城市并不全是废气排放污染程度严重的城市，反之亦然。验证了环境质量污染和废气排放污染非对称性特征和环境质量污染的空间流动特征，表现出大气污染的非对称性。（3）大气污染的空间流动特征是大气污染非对称性形成的主要原因；大气污染非对称性特征阻碍了经济发展，大气污染呈现污染容易治理难的特点；而废气排放污染和环境规制是大气污染非对称性的主要影响因素。
关键词：长江经济带；大气污染；非对称性；空间分析
Asymmetry of Air Pollution in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.
Zhang Kangkang, Xu Deyi , Zhu Yongguang , Sun Han
Abstract：The spatial spillover of air pollution leads to the asymmetric characteristics. The study of the asymmetry of air pollution can not only provide an in-depth understanding of the spatial and temporal evolutionary characteristics of air pollution, but also provide important support and reference for the synergistic regional management of air pollution. This paper first defines air pollution as haze pollution and exhaust emission pollution, and defines the characteristics of air pollution asymmetry through comparative analysis. Then, 130 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Zone from 2011-2019 are taken as the research objects to explore the air pollution asymmetry from the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics, and the formation mechanism, action mechanism and influence mechanism of air pollution asymmetry are studied. It is found that the trajectory of the center of gravity of haze pollution shows the characteristic of north in south out, and the trajectory of the center of gravity of exhaust emission pollution shows the characteristic of south into the north. The cities with serious haze pollution degree are not all cities with serious exhaust emission pollution degree, and the converse is also true. Air pollution is characterized by asymmetry. The asymmetric character of air pollution hinders economic development, and the main reason for its formation is the spatial flow characteristics of air pollution, and the main influencing factors are exhaust emission pollution and environmental regulation. Therefore, the relevant departments should take into account the asymmetric characteristics of air pollution when setting targets for air pollution management, recognize the common but differentiated responsibilities of cities for pollution management, and motivate cities to enhance the degree of synergy in air pollution management.
Keywords：Yangtze River Economic Belt; Air Pollution; Asymmetry; Spatial Analysis
DOI:10.19511/j.cnki.jee.2023.02.007
