摘要：生态文明建设是关系中华民族永续发展的根本大计，国土空间生态保护修复作为国家生态安全战略的核心载体，对实现绿色全要素生产率增长和推动绿色转型具有深远意义。文章以“山水工程”的建设作为一项准自然实验，在科学测度2010—2022年中国273个地级市绿色全要素生产率的基础上，采用多时点双重差分模型识别了国土空间生态保护修复对绿色全要素生产率的影响效应。研究发现：国土空间生态保护修复能够显著提高地区绿色全要素生产率，该结论在一系列稳健性检验之后依然成立。机制分析结果显示国土空间生态保护修复通过发挥生态环境治理效应、要素配置优化效应和产业结构升级效应提升地区绿色全要素生产率。异质性分析表明，中西部地区、一般行政等级城市更有助于释放政策红利，高环保规制城市与非老工业基地城市政策效应更为显著。本文研究结论为推进人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化提供决策参考。
关键词：绿色转型；山水工程；绿色全要素生产率
The Impact of Territorial Spatial Ecological Protection and Restoration on Green Total Factor Productivity: Empirical Evidence from the Shan-Shui Initiative Pilot
Liu Chuanming, Han Jiatong, Wang Bin
Abstract: Ecological civilization construction is a fundamental plan for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. As the core carrier of the national ecological security strategy, territorial spatial ecological protection and restoration holds far-reaching significance for achieving green total factor productivity growth and promoting green transformation. Taking the construction of the Shan-Shui Initiative as a quasi-natural experiment, this paper, based on scientifically measuring the green total factor productivity of 273 prefecture-level cities in China from 2010 to 2022, employs a staggered difference-in-differences model to identify the impact effect of territorial spatial ecological protection and restoration on green total factor productivity. The findings are as follows: Territorial spatial ecological protection and restoration can significantly improve regional green total factor productivity, and this conclusion remains valid after a series of robustness tests. A mediation effect model is constructed to explore the mechanism by which territorial spatial ecological protection and restoration enhances green total factor productivity. The results indicate that territorial spatial ecological protection and restoration improve regional green total factor productivity by exerting ecological environment governance effects, factor allocation optimization effects, and industrial structure upgrading effects. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the central and western regions, as well as cities with general administrative ranks, are more conducive to releasing policy dividends; the policy effects are more significant in cities with high environmental regulations and non-old industrial base cities. The research conclusions of this paper provide decision-making references for promoting Chinese-style modernization featuring harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature.
Keywords: Green Transformation; Shan-Shui Initiative; Green Total Factor Productivity
