The Effect of Emission Trading System on the Efficiency of Green Development
Liu Chuanming
摘要：排污权交易制度是通过市场交易手段将企业的生产成本内生到企业生产过程中，倒逼企业加强研发投入和生产技术革新，那么，排污权交易制度是否能够实现“环境污染治理”和“绿色发展效率提升”的双赢呢？本文将排污权交易制度作为一项准自然实验，采用双重差分法考察排污权交易制度对绿色发展效率的影响效应进行研究。研究发现：排污权交易制度能够显著促进绿色发展效率的提升，中介效应的检验结果显示排污权交易制度通过创新驱动效应和外商直接投资效应提高绿色发展效率，研究结论支持“波特假说”和“污染光环假说”；异质性分析结果显示命令型环境规制水平较高的地区排污权交易制度的政策效果高于较低的地区。本文提出以下政策建议：积极推动排污权交易制度建设，逐步实现排污权交易试点的扩容，引导企业在技术创新激励下构建绿色发展效率提升的长效机制，企业可以根据自身发展需要选择技术革新路径，增加企业的绿色产出，不断提高绿色发展效率。
关键词：排污权交易制度；绿色发展效率；环境规制；技术创新；PSM-DID
Abstract: Emission trading system make the production costs of enterprises into the enterprise production process through the market trading means, forcing enterprises to strengthen research investment and production technology innovation. Whether the emission trading system can achieve environmental pollution control and green development efficiency improvement for win-win? This paper takes the emission trading system as a quasi-natural experiment and studies the effect of the emission trading system on the efficiency of green development by using PSM-DID method. The results show that the emission trading system can significantly improve the efficiency of green development. The mediating effect test results show that the emission trading system can improve the efficiency of green development through the innovation-driven effect and the effect of foreign direct investment. The research conclusions support the porter hypothesis and the pollution halo hypothesis. The results of heterogeneity analysis show that the policy effect of emission trading system is higher in the regions with higher level of environmental regulation than in the regions with lower level of environmental regulation. This paper puts forward the following suggestions such as actively promoting emissions trading system construction, gradually realizing the emission trading pilot scale, building a long-term mechanism for the development of productivity under the guidance to the enterprises in technological innovation incentive. Green enterprises can choose innovation pathes according to their own development needs to increase their green production and continuously improve the efficiency of green development.
Keywords: Emission Trading System; Green Development Efficiency; Environmental Regulation; Technique Innovation; PSM-DID
DOI:10.19511/j.cnki.jee.2021.02.006
基金项目：国家社会科学基金青年项目“韧性视域下生态优先和绿色发展的协同路径研究”（20CJY013）和国家社会科学基金项目“供给侧结构性改革下农业绿色全要素生产率的空间格局及提升路径研究”（18BJY140）。
