Path and Mechanism for Realizing Value of the Ecological Products
Shi Minjun
摘要：生态产品价值实现的核心内涵是隐性的生态产品价值的显性化。由于大多数生态产品价值在市场上不能显现出来，生态产品价值的实现路径和机制设计就是要让潜在的隐性价值在市场上显现出来。生态产品价值实现有两种逻辑，一种是“转化”的逻辑，一种是“保护”的逻辑。相应地，生态产品价值实现有两种不同的路径：一种是市场化路径，另一种是政府调节路径。强调“转化”的时候，需要更多地利用市场机制，通过市场化路径，推动自然资本、人造资本、人力资本三种要素的有机结合，使隐性的生态产品价值在市场上得到显现和认可。强调“保护”的时候则需要更多地发挥政府的调节作用，采取自上而下的转移支付或跨区域的生态补偿等手段，由生态保护受益的区域向实施生态保护的区域提供一定的经济补偿，使得自然资本保护的外部价值转化成货币化的现实价值。
关键词：生态产品价值；生态优势转化；自然资本保护；人造资本；人力资本
Abstract：The connotation of value-realization of the ecological products is to make the tacit value of ecological products to be explicit. Since the commercial value of most ecological products cannot be explicit in the market system, mechanism design of value-realization for the ecological products is to disclose their potential tacit value in the market. Generally speaking, there are two kinds of logic to the value-realization of ecological products, one is the logic of transformation of ecological advantages into economic benefit, the other is the logic of protection of natural capital. There also are corresponding disparate paths to realize the value of ecological products: one is the market-oriented path, the other is the government coordination. In the situation of emphasizing the logic of transformation, the market mechanism should be complied and utilized adequately. By promoting the integration of natural capital, manual capital and human capital, the intrinsic value of ecological products can be disclosed and recognized commercially in the market. On the other hand, in the situation of emphasizing the logic of protection, the role of government coordination should be adopted effectively. In this case, the means of top-down transfer payment or cross-regional ecological compensation should be considered to make the ecological conservation areas be compensated economically from the areas benefiting from ecological protection, so that the external value of protecting natural capital can be turned into monetary benefits.
Keywords: Value of Ecological Products; Transformation of Ecological Advantages; Protection of Natural Capital; Manual Capital; Human Capital
DOI:10.19511/j.cnki.jee.2021.02.001
基金项目：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国经济绿色发展的理论内涵、实现路径与政策创新”（15ZDC006）。
