摘要：在“双碳”目标持续推进和能源安全问题日益凸显的背景下，区域能源低碳转型已成为中国推进高质量发展和维护经济安全的重要任务。本文从统筹发展和安全的视角出发，构建区域能源低碳转型分析框架，并从理论逻辑、历史演进和现实挑战三个方面展开分析。研究发现，近年来中国能源低碳转型持续推进，主要表现为可再生能源装机规模快速扩大、能源利用效率不断提升、非化石能源消费比重稳步提高。但受资源禀赋、产业结构和能源系统运行条件等因素影响，能源转型过程仍面临一系列约束，主要表现为煤炭依赖的路径惯性较强、能源资源与负荷需求空间错配、电力系统灵活调节能力不足、能源市场机制尚不健全、关键技术和储能支撑能力水平偏低，以及转型成本分担和社会公平问题尚未充分解决。基于此，本文提出，应在保障能源安全的前提下，进一步深化能源市场化改革，因地制宜推进区域转型，强化绿色低碳技术创新，并完善社会保障和公正转型机制，为推进能源革命、实现“双碳”目标和服务中国式现代化建设提供政策参考。
关键词：能源低碳转型；统筹发展和安全；区域协调发展
The Theoretical Logic and Implementation Pathways of Regional Low-Carbon Energy Transition from the Perspective of Coordinating Development and Security
Fang Jie , Yi Jiahui, Yan Longting
Abstract: As China continues to pursue its carbon peaking and carbon neutrality targets while facing growing concerns over energy security, the regional transition toward low-carbon energy systems has become increasingly important for high-quality development and economic stability. This study develops an analytical framework for regional low-carbon energy transition based on the need to balance development and security and examines its theoretical foundations, historical evolution, and current challenges. China has made substantial progress in its low-carbon energy transition in recent years. This progress is reflected in the rapid expansion of renewable energy capacity, continued improvements in energy efficiency, and the growing share of non-fossil energy in total energy consumption. However, differences in resource endowments, industrial structures, and energy system conditions continue to constrain the transition across regions. The main challenges include persistent dependence on coal, spatial mismatches between energy resources and demand centers, insufficient flexibility in the power system, incomplete energy market reforms, limited technological and energy storage capabilities, and unresolved issues concerning the distribution of transition costs and social equity. To address these challenges, China should maintain energy security while deepening market-oriented reforms, pursuing region-specific transition strategies, promoting innovation in green and low-carbon technologies, and improving social protection and just transition mechanisms. These measures would contribute to the transformation of China’s energy system, the achievement of its carbon targets, and the advancement of Chinese modernization.
Keywords: Low-carbon Energy Transition; Balance Between Development and Security; Coordinated Regional Development
