摘要：生物多样性是人类可持续发展和地球生态系统安全的基石，然而其保护实践长期面临监测覆盖窄、监管滞后、精准度不足等瓶颈。现有研究虽已证实生态环境智慧监测的环境治理效应，但尚未系统识别其对生物多样性的因果影响与作用机制，缺乏大样本经验证据。本文以生态环境智慧监测创新应用试点为准自然实验，基于2015－2023年中国观鸟记录中心数据，采用双重差分模型实证检验生态环境智慧监测对生物多样性的影响及传导机制。研究发现：生态环境智慧监测显著提升了试点地区生物多样性水平，试点地区鸟类数量丰富度提升了0.272个标准单位，经过一系列稳健性检验后该结论依然成立。异质性分析显示，生态环境智慧监测对生物多样性的保护作用在环境规制较弱、经济基础较好与基础设施较短缺的地区更为明显。机制分析结果表明，生态环境智慧监测通过赋能政府环境治理、激励企业绿色转型、促进公众环保参与等渠道提升区域内生物多样性水平。本研究为通过数字化手段保护生物多样性提供了扎实的证据，对深化智慧环保体系建设、推进生物多样性保护提供了实践参考。
关键词：生态环境智慧监测；生物多样性；鸟类丰富度；生态文明建设；双重差分法
The Impact of Ecological Environment Smart Monitoring on Biodiversity
Cheng Baodong, Meng Qi, Kong Lingqian
Abstract: Biodiversity is the cornerstone of human sustainable development and the security of Earth's ecosystems. However, its conservation has long been constrained by persistent bottlenecks, including limited monitoring coverage, regulatory lag, and insufficient precision. Although existing studies have confirmed the environmental governance effects of eco-environmental intelligent monitoring, the causal impact of such monitoring on biodiversity and its underlying mechanisms remain systematically unidentified, with large-sample empirical evidence notably lacking. Using the pilot program for eco-environmental intelligent monitoring innovative applications as a quasi-natural experiment, this study draws on data from the China Birdwatching Records Center spanning 2015 to 2023 and employs a Difference-in-Differences model to empirically examine the impact of eco-environmental intelligent monitoring on biodiversity and its transmission mechanisms. The findings indicate that eco-environmental intelligent monitoring significantly enhances biodiversity levels in pilot regions, with bird abundance increasing by 0.272 standard units, and this conclusion remains robust across a series of robustness checks. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the positive effect of smart ecological monitoring on biodiversity is more pronounced in regions with weaker environmental regulations, stronger economic foundations, and less developed infrastructure. Mechanism analysis reveals that smart ecological monitoring enhances regional biodiversity by strengthening government environmental governance, encouraging corporate green transformation, and fostering public participation in environmental protection. This study provides solid evidence for protecting biodiversity through digital means and offers practical insights for advancing the development of smart environmental protection systems and enhancing biodiversity conservation efforts.
Keywords: Ecological Environment Smart Monitoring; Biodiversity; Bird Richness; Ecological Civilization Construction; Difference-in-Differences Method
