Theoretical Connotations, Operational Logic and Practical Dilemmas of Climate Clubs
Sun Yongping，Zhang Xinyu
摘要：“搭便车”是全球气候治理的核心问题，导致全球减排缺口难以弥合，而气候俱乐部被视为重要的解决方案之一，但其实施也面临诸多挑战。首先，本文通过比较传统经济学中的俱乐部理论与气候俱乐部理论更为清晰阐释了气候俱乐部的理论内涵，并指出气候俱乐部成果运行需要内部统一的国际目标碳价、有效的惩罚机制、稳定的成员规模、透明的监管体系和仲裁机构。其次，本文从内生和外生两个视角分析了气候俱乐部机制的实践困境，内生缺陷包括产品的非排他性、技术和方法学仍未形成统一的国际标准、各国减排收益存在差异以及可能会导致全球消费者的福利损失和财富再分配，外部挑战则是其与《公约》的基本原则、国际贸易规则、全球可持续发展目标相矛盾。最后，本文基于中国的一贯立场和原则提出，中国应积极稳妥推进“双碳”工作，把自身的碳排放问题解决好，同时要坚持用发展的办法解决发展中的问题，从容应对气候俱乐部可能带来的挑战。
Abstract: Free-riding is the core problem of global climate governance, which makes it difficult to close the global emission gap. First, this paper explains the theoretical content of climate clubs by comparing with the traditional economics club theory and points out that the operation of climate clubs requires an internal unified international target carbon price, an effective penalty mechanism, a stable membership size, a transparent regulatory system and an arbitration institution. Second, this paper analyzes the practical dilemmas of the club mechanism from both endogenous and exogenous perspectives. The endogenous flaws include the non-exclusivity of climate club products, the lack of uniform internal standards, the differences in benefits among countries under the club mechanism, and the possible loss of welfare and wealth redistribution for global consumers. The exogenous challenges include the contradiction with the basic principles of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, international trade
rules, and global sustainable development goals. Finally, based on China's consistent position and principles, this paper proposes that China should actively and steadily promote the double carbon process, and deal with its own carbon emission issues, and adhere to the development approach to solve the problems in development, so as to cope with the challenges that the climate clubs may bring.
基金项目：本文系研究阐释党的十九届五中全会精神国家社科基金重大项目“积极参与和引领应对气候变化国际合作
研究”（21ZDA089）的阶段性成果。
