摘要：高水平数字服务贸易开放和低碳转型分别作为中国经济高质量发展的手段和目标，两者能否达到相得益彰的效果，决定了新时代中国绿色发展能否顺利实现。本文从理论层面系统分析了数字服务贸易高水平开放的环境污染效应，然后利用2004—2021年中国行业面板数据，构造数字服务贸易进出口为核心的开放渗透度指标，以及水体、大气和废渣污染为核心的环境污染指标，检验了理论假说。研究发现：数字服务贸易开放显著改善了中国环境污染状况，通过重新测度主要变量及采用印度数字服务贸易开放作为工具变量进行稳健性检验，结论依然成立；作用机制分析表明数字服务贸易开放对环境污染的作用受到环境规制强度的调节，而能源消耗强度则起到了明显的中介作用；异质性分析表明，数字服务贸易开放对非清洁行业环境污染改善的作用强于对清洁行业的作用，数字服务细分行业贸易开放对环境污染的作用从大到小依次为科学研究和技术服务，信息传输、软件和信息技术服务以及金融服务。研究结论不仅为理解中国高水平贸易开放提供了新视角，也为推动中国形成绿色生产生活方式提供了有益的政策启示。
关键词：数字服务；贸易开放；环境规制；能源消耗；环境污染
Analysis of the Environmental Pollution Effects of China's Digital Services Trade Opening
Chen Ming, Qing Qianlong, Li Meiyun
Abstract: The opening up of high-level digital service trade and low-carbon transformation are respectively the means and goals for high-quality development of China's economy, whether the two can achieve the effect of pearl to jade reflection determines China's green development in the new era can be smoothly achieved. This paper systematically analyzes the environmental pollution effects of high-level openness in digital service trade from a theoretical perspective, and tests theoretical hypotheses by the indicators for the penetration of digital service trade openness and environmental pollution with industry panel data of China from 2004 to 2021. The results show that digital services trade opening has significantly improved the environmental pollution situation in China. The conclusion is still valid after endogenously processing India's digital services trade opening as a Instrumental variables estimation. The analysis of the mechanism of action indicates that the effect of digital services trade opening on environmental pollution is regulated by the intensity of environmental regulations, while the intensity of energy consumption plays a significant mediating role. Industry heterogeneity analysis shows that the role of digital services trade opening in improving environmental pollution in non clean industries is stronger than that in clean industries. In the openness of digital service segmented industries, scientific research and technological services have the greatest impact on improving environmental pollution, followed by information transmission, software and information technology services, and finally finance. The research conclusions not only provide a new perspective for understanding China's high-level trade openness, but also provide useful policy implications for promoting the formation of green production and lifestyle.
Keywords: Digital Services; Trade Opening; Environmental Regulation; Energy Consumption; Environmental Pollution
