The Ｒelationship and Boundary of Consumer Environmental Awareness and Government Environmental Ｒegulation
He Lingyun and Qiu Luyi
摘要：环境保护是一项涉及多主体的长期系统工程，然而目前多数环境政策涉及产业发展，虽然减缓了污染排放，却也影响了产业的发展。在环境保护中，政府实施干预的环境规制政策和消费者发挥主观能动性进行环境保护的效果存在广泛争议。在环境治理过程中，政府干预和消费者自发行动对环境和社会经济的影响是否相同，是否存在一个边界，这些都是理论界和实践中亟待解决的问题。本文从福利视角出发，将政府干预的环境规制政策和消费者环保意识纳入同一理论框架下，通过理论推导从而分析政府干预和消费者行为引导在环境治理方面的影响，进一步地，通过引入环境税和消费者环保意识，比较在环境保护中政府环境规制和消费者主观意识之间的关系和边界。研究结果表明，提高消费者环保意识和征收环境税均可以减少环境污染；当两者满足一定的数量关系时，对环境带来的影响作用相同；而且存在一个边界，使得在特定范围内各自发挥其优势。政策制定者需要明确消费者环保意识与政府环境规制的边界，适当地选择相应的政策工具，以达到最佳的政策效果。
关键词 ： 政府管制, 消费者意识, 环境保护
Abstract: Environment protection is a long－term systematic project，which includes quite a few entities． However， most of the current environmental policies are usually industry policies． Although these policies can reduce pollution， they also hamper industry expansion． The effect of government regulation and consumers’initiative approach in envi
ronment protection remains a considerable debate． Is the effect identical between government intervention and market adjusting in environment protection? Is there a boundary between the two approaches? These problems are very important and hot topics for scholars and policy－makers． We contribute to this issue by constructing a theoretical framework，considering the government regulation policy and consumers’awareness from the perspective of welfare to analyze the different effects of the two approaches in a duopolistic market． Furthermore，we introduce environmental tax and consumers’awareness of pollution to explore the relationship and boundary between consumer environmental awareness and government environmental regulation in environment protection． We find that both approaches have impacts on mitigating pollution，and the impacts on environment are the same when the environmental tax and consumers awareness meet a certain relation． More important is that we find a boundary，which allows each of policies to play their strengths within a given range． Before making the specific policies，the policy makers should identify the boundary between government and market，and thereby choose appropriate policy measures，to achieve the optimal outcomes． Before making the specific policies，the policy makers should identify the boundary between consumer environmental awareness and government environmental regulation，and thereby choose appropriate policy measures，to achieve the optimal outcomes．
Keywords: Government Ｒegulation; Consumer Awareness; Environment Protection
DOI:10．19511/j．cnki．jee．2018．04．002