Environmental Ｒegulation，Structures of Energy Supply and Demand and Industrial Pollution
An Yao and Zhang Lin
摘要：山西省作为煤炭生产和消费大省，其环境问题也日益凸显。本文基于主成分分析，采用完全修正一般最小二乘法及协整分析方法对山西省的时间序列数据进行回归分析。结果表明，山西省煤炭供需结构比重越高，工业部门的污染排放强度随之增加，且煤炭生产结构对工业部门造成的环境负外部性影响要远超煤炭消费结构所带来的影响。山西省资源型经济体制改革相较于环境影响评价法的执行，对降低工业污染排放强度有更明显的刺激推动作用。具体来看，转变煤炭能源消费结构行为比转变其生产结构行为更有减少工业污染排放强度的潜力。为加快生态文明建设，实现“美丽山西”的目标，一方面要进一步扩大环境治理投资并坚定不移地执行中央政府出台的环境保护法律来直接降低工业污染排放强度；另一方面，要不遗余力地贯彻落实并深化山西省资源型经济体制改革，进一步调整产业结构，加大力度降低工业经济发展对煤炭的依赖。不断引进具有创新能力和先进生产技术水平的外商在当地投资设厂，激发市场的活力并刺激企业间竞争力，优化产品生产效率与质量，从根源解决山西省生态环境的负外部性影响。
关键词 ： 环境规制, 工业污染排放强度, 引致效应, 煤炭供需结构
Abstract: As a big province of coal production and consumption，Shanxi＇s environmental problems are becoming increasingly prominent． By constructing the industrial pollution index using principal component analysis ( PCA) and the data of Shanxi province，we utilize several time－series estimators including Fully－Modified OLS and Canonical Cointegration Ｒegression to deal with the problems of serial correlation and endogeneity． The results show that the higher the share of coal production and consumption both increase the industrial pollution intensity． And the share of coal production causes more serious negative externality to the environment． The resource－based economy reform significantly stimulates the decrease of industrial pollution intensity via adjusting the structure of coal energy production and consumption． Specifically，adjusting the share of coal consumption has higher potential to reduce industrial pollution intensity． Therefore，to accelerate the establishment of ecological civilization and achieve the goal of beautiful Shanxi，it is imperative to expand the investment of environmental governance and firmly implement the stringent environmental law to decline the industrial pollution directly． On the other hand，we should spare no effort to enforce and deepen the resource－oriented economic reform in Shanxi province． In the meantime，it is necessary to adjust the industrial structure and reduce the dependence of industrial economic development on the coal production and consumption． Another policy handle is to introduce the foreign investors with innovative ability and advanced production technology to set up factories． This measure can trigger the vitality of market entities，stimulate competitiveness of enterprises as well as optimize the production efficiency and quality of products． Only in this way can Shanxi province completely tackle the negative externalities in ecological environment．
Coal Production/Consumption
基金资助:本文系香港研究资助局项目“ Ｃｌｉｍａｔｅ Ｃｈａｎｇｅ， Ｇｒｅｅｎ Ｃｉｔｙ ａｎｄ Ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃ Ｇｒｏｗｔｈ” ( ＣｉｔｙＵ２１６０３９１７)的阶段性成果。
DOI:10．19511/j．cnki．jee．2018．04．008