Spatial Distribution and Spillover Effects of Haze Pollution in the Fen－Wei Plain
Yang Lechao，Dong Xueli and Xu Bo
摘要：伴随经济水平的高速飞跃，环境污染问题日益严重，尤其是2018年首次被纳入国家大气污染防治重点区域的汾渭平原。近年来汾渭地区城市大气污染出现反弹，多项污染指标不降反升，秋冬季更为严重，研究治理该区域大气环境污染状况亟需重视。本文以汾渭平原为研究对象，基于加拿大戴尔豪斯大学大气成分组公布的全球PM2.5数据，运用可视化方法研究雾霾分布的时空变化特征，并结合空间杜宾模型、空间杜宾误差模型分析汾渭平原雾霾溢出效应及其影响因素。结果表明：该地区整体PM2.5浓度在时间段内呈缓慢下降趋势；三省毗邻的运城、渭南等地市为PM2.5浓度高－高集聚地区，晋中、吕梁呈现低－低集聚现象；模型显示雾霾污染区域间溢出效应明显，产业结构、人口密度、经济增长、政府支出因素会对雾霾污染产生影响，区域自然因素与政策因素影响也不可忽略。因此，针对雾霾治理要打破行政边界、加强区域联防联控，实现空间溢出效应减弱；注重产业升级、人口规模、经济质量、政府投入的巨大作用。
关键词 ： PM2.5, 汾渭平原, 雾霾时空分布, 溢出效应, 区域联防联控
Abstract: Along with the rapid leap in economic level，the problem of environmental pollution has become increasingly serious，especially the Fen Wei Plain of the national air pollution control key area in 2018． In recent years， the urban air pollution in the Fen Wei Plain has rebounded，especially in autumn and winter． It is urgent to study and control the atmospheric pollution in this area． This article takes the Fen Wei Plain as the research object． Based on the global PM2．5 data published by the Atmospheric Composition Team of the Dalhousie University in Canada，the spatial changes of haze distribution were studied by using visual methods． And then combined with Spatial Dubin Model and Spatial Dubin Error Model，we analyze haze spillover effects and influencing factors． The results show that the overall PM2．5 concentration in the region showed a slowly decreasing during the period． The neighboring cities of the three provinces such as Yuncheng，Weinan were high－high concentration Agglomeration areas，Jinzhong and Lüliang exhibited low－low concentrations． The model shows that the inter－regional spillover effect of haze pollution is significant，and industrial structure，population density，economic growth and government expenditure will affect haze pollution． The influence of natural factors and policy factors in the region cannot be ignored． Therefore， for haze management，we must break the administrative boundary，strengthen inter－regional coalition prevention and control，and reduce the effect of space spillover． And also we must pay attention to the considerable effects of industrial upgrading，population size，economic quality and government investment．
Keywords: PM2．5; Fen－Wei Plain; Spatial Distribution of Haze Pollution; Spillover Effects; Ｒegional Coalition Prevention and Control
基金资助:陕西省西安市社会发展引导计划 － 软科学研究项目“ 西安市治理雾霾的策略和措施研究”（2016041SF/RK04(6)）
DOI:10．19511/j．cnki．jee．2018．03．006