Mitigation Effect of Industrial Agglomeration on Environmental Pollution: Theory and Evidence
Zhu Yingming，Liu Suxia， Li Yujian，Pei Yu and Qiao Hanqing
摘要：空间上密集的经济活动比空间上分散的经济活动对生态环境的影响更为深刻与复杂，在环境规制日益严厉的背景下，研究产业集聚对环境污染的影响规律具有重要的学术价值和应用价值。本文在经典的 “自由资本” 模型基础上，构建一个包含环境规制、污染排放、跨境污染和部门间生产负外部性因素在内的新经济地理学模型，深入分析产业集聚对污染排放的影响。利用广义矩模型和门槛回归方法检验产业集聚对环境污染的影响效应及其门槛效应，利用敏感性分析方法检测ＳＯ２估计的稳健性。研究结果表明:产业集聚的环境污染效应具有边际污染排放递减规律，由此导致产业集聚的环境污染减缓效应；环境规制导致环境污染抑制效应，与产业集聚的环境污染减缓效应存在联动效应；产业集聚的环境污染减缓效应存在明显的门槛效应。因此，提出政策建议为:加快提升产业集聚发展水平，实行差别化的产业集聚发展战略，构建更为严厉的环境规制体系。
关键词： 产业集聚, 环境污染减缓效应, 新地理经济学
Abstract: Spatially intensive economic activities have more profound and complex impacts on the ecological environment than spatially dispersed economic activities． In the context of increasingly severe environmental regulations， the study on the impact of industrial agglomeration on environmental pollution has important academic value and application value． Considering the environmental regulations，pollution emissions， the cross－border pollution and the negative inter－industry externalities caused by them，this paper constructs a theoretical model to explain the mitigation effect of industrial agglomeration on environmental pollution and based on the classical free capital ( FC) model framework of new economic geography． The generalized moment model and threshold regression method are used to test the effect of industrial agglomeration on environmental pollution and its threshold effect，and the sensitivity analysis method is used to detect the robustness of SO2 estimation． The results show that the environmental pollution effect of industrial agglomeration has the law of diminishing marginal pollution emission，which leads to the environmental pollution mitigation effect of industrial agglomeration． Environmental regulation leads to the inhibition effect of envi ronmental pollution and has an interaction effect with the mitigation effect of industrial agglomeration． The mitigation
effect of industrial agglomeration on environmental pollution has obvious threshold effect． It plays a guiding role in accelerating high－quality development and building a beautiful China in the new era． Specific countermeasures and suggestions are to accelerate the promotion of development level of industrial agglomeration ， implement differential in dustrial cluster development strategy and build a more stringent environmental regulation system．
Keywords: Industrial Agglomeration; Environmental Pollution Mitigation Effect; New Economic Geography
基金资助:本文系国家社会科学基金重大项目“新常态下产业集聚的环境效应与调控政策研究”(１５ＺＤＡ０５３)、文化名家暨“四个一批”人才自主选题项目“我国经济集聚、环境污染与环境规制”(中宣干字〔２０１８〕８６ 号)、江苏省自然科学基金项目“产业集聚对环境影响:空间效应、空间分异与空间优化” ( ＢＫ２０１７１４２２)、中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“我国高质量发展下产业集聚与环境污染” (３０９１８0１４１１０)的阶段性成果。
DOI:10．19511/j．cnki．jee．2019．01．007