EstimatingShadowPriceofPapermakingEnterprise Pollutions:BasedonParametricDirectionalDistanceFunction
Wang Bing, Zhu Xiaolei and Du Minzhe
摘要：在我国环境污染日趋严重的态势下，污染物排放交易市场的构建及其交易价格的确定是有效治理污染物排放的关键问题。本文分别运用二次型方向性距离函数和森岛通夫产出替代弹性估算了东莞市35 家造纸企业的污染物排放影子价格及其产出替代弹性。研究发现：COD 与粉尘的平均影子价格分别为5.70 万元/吨和2.88 万元/吨，COD 的平均影子价格呈现逐年递减的趋势，而粉尘的平均影子价格波动不大；这两种污染物的平均影子价格与其排放强度呈负相关关系，规模越大的企业影子价格越高；COD 与粉尘之间具有替代关系，并且粉尘对COD 的替代程度逐渐加大。因此，政策制定者在评价一个企业的减排效果时，要充分考虑企业规模及其选择的具体污染物减排策略，避免通过加大排放其他污染物来替代目标污染物减少的不可持续发展的减排策略。
关键词 ： 影子价格, 产出替代弹性, 二次型方向性距离函数, 造纸企业
Abstract: Under the trend of the increasingly serious environmental pollution in China, the construction of pollutant emission trading market and its market price determination is the key to effectively control pollutant emission. Using quadratic directional distance function and Morishima output elasticity of substitution, the paper estimates the shadow price of pollutant emission and output substitution elasticity for 35 paper enterprises in Dongguan during 2004-2008. The results show that the average shadow prices of COD and dust are 57 thousand yuan per ton and 28.8 thousand yuan per ton respectively. The average shadow prices of COD are dropping off generally, while that of dust does not fluctuate significantly. There is a negative relationship between the shadow prices of pollutions and the emission intensity. The larger the enterprise is, the higher the shadow piece is. COD and dust have an alternative relationship, and the dust on the COD substitution gradually increased. Therefore, policy makers should consider the enterprise scale and strategies for reducing the specific pollutants emissions when evaluating the reduction effect in order to avoid the unsustainable development of emission reduction strategies by increasing emission of other pollutants to replace targeted pollutants.
Keywords: Shadow Prices; Output Elasticity of Substitution; Quadratic Directional Distance Function; Papermaking Enterprise
DOI:10.19511/j.cnki.jee.2017.03.007