Environmental Regulation and Labor Demand: Does the Double Dividend Effect Exist? Evidence from China’s Industrial Sector
ShaoShuai and Yang Zhenbing
摘要：学界对于环境规制是否具有污染减排与促进劳动需求的双重红利效应尚存在争议，并较少关注环境规制对中国工业部门劳动需求的影响。本文基于2001-2013 年中国工业行业的动态面板数据样本，采用广义矩估计方法，系统考察了中国工业环境规制强度对污染排放与劳动需求水平的“双重”影响。结果显示：环境规制具有减少工业污染排放与促进劳动需求水平提升的双重红利效应，且劳动需求本身具有明显的“路径依赖”特征，即其变化表现出显著的动态延续性；行业规模扩大同时有利于就业总量与工资水平的提升，但市场竞争强度并未对二者产生积极影响；创新投入和外资投入水平的提高促进了就业水平的提升，但却降低了工资水平。本文的研究结论证实了环境规制对工业污染减排和劳动需求增加均具有积极影响，从而存在明显的双重红利效应，这一结论对于我国环境保护政策的制定具有重要的现实指导意义。政府在制定环境政策的过程中应该更加积极主动地通过适度严格的环境治理政策，引导经济发展朝着更加绿色和可持续的方向加速转型。
关键词 ： 环境规制, 劳动需求, 双重红利, 工业部门, 动态面板模型
Abstract: There is a still controversy over whether the environmental regulation has double dividend effect on pollutant emission reduction and labor demand promotion. Moreover, the existed studies pay little attention to the influence of the environmental regulation on the labor demand in China’s industrial sector. To fill such a gap, using the dynamic panel data of China’s industrial sub-sectors over 2001-2013 and the generalized method of moments (GMM), this paper specially examines the double effects of environmental regulation intensity on industrial pollutant emissions and labor demand. The results indicate that the environmental regulation has the“double dividend”effect of reducing pollutant emissions and promoting labor demand in China’s industrial sector. Industrial labor demand presents an evident path-dependence characteristic, i.e., its changes show significant dynamic continuity. Industrial scale is conducive to the rise in employment and wage levels, but competition intensity does not present a positive effect on both. The promotions of R&D investment and foreign direct investment enhance employment, but reduce wage. The conclusion of this study confirms that the environmental regulation has a positive impact on industrial pollution reduction and the increase of labor demand, and there is an obvious“double dividend”effect. Such a conclusion has important practical guiding significance for the formulation of China’s environmental protection policy. The Chinese government does not have to worry about the adverse impact of environmental governance on employment when formulating the environmental protection policies. On the contrary, the government should make more efforts in stimulating the green and sustainable transformation of economic development through moderately rigorous environmental governance policies.
Keywords: Environmental Regulation; Labor Demand; Double Dividend Effect; Industrial Sector; Dynamic Panel Model
全文：
环境规制与劳动需求：双重红利效应存在吗？——来自中国工业部门的经验证据.pdf
DOI:10.19511/j.cnki.jee.2017.02.005