摘要：空气污染是中国可持续发展的严重挑战，对居民福祉造成了不可忽视的影响，这对空气污染治理提出了新要求。本文以清洁取暖政策为例，基于多时点DID模型以及固定效应有序Logit模型评估了2014—2021年间北方地区清洁取暖政策实施对空气质量以及居民幸福的影响，并对其中作用机制进行了梳理。结果表明，清洁取暖政策具有显著的空气质量改善效应，“煤改气”“煤改电”等清洁取暖工程的开展造成的能源消费结构的变化为空气质量改善做出了巨大贡献；基于空气质量的改善，清洁取暖政策进一步实现了提升居民幸福的社会效益，同时，居民幸福的提升还受到了个人主观环境污染认知、主观自评健康等因素的影响，这些都是清洁取暖政策效益的重要体现。在政策设计中，应逐步将居民福利纳入空气污染治理目标中，把空气污染治理的工作重心逐渐从大力追求环境效益转移到环境效益、经济效益与社会效益的协同提升上来。
关键词：清洁取暖；空气质量；居民幸福；政策评估
Clean Heating Policy and Residential Well-being in the Northern Region: Further Assessment Based on Air Quality Improvement
Abstract: Air pollution poses a significant challenge to China’s sustainable development, with undeniable impacts on residents' well-being. This necessitates new imperatives in air pollution governance. This study examines the Clean Heating Policy Pilot (CHPP) as a case study to assess its impact on air quality and residential well-being in the northern China from 2014 to 2021. The evaluation utilizes a multi-period Differences-in-Differences (DID) approach and a fixed-effects ordered Logit model, aiming to comprehend the mechanism of the CHPP's action. The findings indicate a significant enhancement in air quality attributed to the CHPP. Changes in energy consumption structure resulting from clean heating initiatives, such as coal-to-gas and coal-to-electricity, played a pivotal role in this improvement. The study reveals that the implementation of the CHPP not only positively influenced air quality but also contributed to an elevated level of residential well-being. Moreover, the study identifies individual subjective environmental pollution perceptions and self-assessment of health as influential factors in enhancing residential well-being. These subjective aspects emerge as important dimensions of the benefits derived from the CHPP. Looking ahead, there is a compelling case to integrate residential well-being into air pollution management objectives. The focus of air pollution management could shift from singularly pursuing environmental benefits to achieving a synergistic enhancement of environmental, economic, and social benefits.
Keywords: Clean Heating; Air Quality; Residential Well-being; Policy Evaluation
