A Multi-Objective Optimization for Environmental Management Using NSGA-II and a Hybrid WeightingTechnique as Evaluation Criteria: A Case Study of China's Cement Industry
Wen Zongguo, Huang Da, Ding Jia, Wang Yihan
摘要：工业节能减排管理涉及的多个环境和经济目标之间存在着复杂的权衡。然而，现有的节能减排管理研究采用的是单目标优化方法，没有考虑这些权衡，可能导致节能减排目标在经济上不可行，或者在全面改进所有目标方面效果不佳。针对这一问题，本研究构建了中国水泥行业节能减排管理的多目标优化模型，以达到使能源强度、二氧化碳排放强度和清洁生产技术部署的经济成本同时最小化的目标。本文采用NSGA-II算法对多目标优化模型进行求解，得到最优的技术部署方案。最后，采用TOPSIS方法和混合目标函数加权算法，根据不同的决策偏好选择最终方案。研究结果表明：同时优化多个目标的效率更高，因为可以实现环境和经济绩效的整体改善；在110.58-116.27元/吨水泥的经济成本范围内，可实现能耗和CO2排放分别降低15.95%和32.77%；与国家规划目标相比，CO2排放目标不可行，能源强度降低目标无效；23种清洁生产技术因能够以可行的经济成本实现重要的节能减排目标，需要加大推广力度。
关键词：水泥行业；节能减排；多目标优化；NSGA-II算法；多准则决策
Abstract:Complex trade-offs exist between the multiple environmental and economic objectives involved in industrial energy conservation and emission reduction (ECER) management. However, extant studies on ECER management mostly adopt single-objective optimization approaches, which do not take into account these trade-offs. This would lead to economically infeasible ECER targets, or less-effective ECER targets with respect to a comprehensive improvement in all objectives. To address this issue, this study builds a multi-objective optimization model for industrial ECER management in China's cement industry, aiming at simultaneously minimizing energy intensity, CO2 emission intensity and economic cost for deployment of cleaner production technologies. We then adopt NSGA-II, a widely used multi-objective optimization algorithm, to solve the model and obtain the optimal technology deployment scheme. Finally, the TOPSIS method and a hybrid objective function weighting technique are adopted to select final schemes according to different decision preferences. The results show that, it is more efficient to simultaneously optimize multiple objectives as an overall improvement in both environmental and economic performance can be achieved. The energy consumption and CO2 emission can be reduced by 15.95% and 32.77%, respectively, at an economic cost of 110.58~116.27 CNY/t cement. Compared with the national planning targets, the results reveal that the CO2 emission target is infeasible while the energy intensity reduction target is ineffective. Altogether 23 cleaner production techniques require strong promotion policies as they can realize significant ECER targets at a feasible economic cost.
Keywords:Cement Industry; Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction; Multi-Objective Optimization; NSGA-II Method; Multi-Criteria Decision Making
基金项目：本 文 系“ 十 三 五 ”国 家 重 点 研 发 计 划 项 目“ 钢 铁 - 化 产 - 建 材 联 产 过 程 污 染 物 协 同 优 化 控 制 ”（2016YFB0601305）和国家杰出青年科学基金项目“环境与生态管理”（71825006）的阶段性成果。
全文：
基于NSGA-II和混合加权算法的环境管理多目标优化.pdf