Impacts of Innovation on China’ s Urban Eco－efficiency: The Perspective of Spatial Spillovers and Its Decomposition
Luo Nengsheng and Yu Yantuan
摘要：在创新驱动城市绿色发展的背景下，需要高度重视区域异质性，并通过创新及其空间溢出等途径协同提升城市生态效率。本文将凸共同前沿拓展到非凸共同前沿，并利用改进的数据包络分析模型测度了中国 ２００３－２０１５ 年 １９１ 个地级及以上城市的生态效率，研究了城市创新空间溢出的高位压力和低位吸力对生态效率的提升机制。主要发现有：邻近地区城市创新的高位压力对本市生态效率提升具有显著的促进作用，表现为“见贤思齐”效应，且这种提升作用不会随距离阈值的增大而出现衰减。分组比较发现，东部城市、环境保护重点城市、非资源型城市和两控区城市创新能力的高位压力对生态效率具有明显的提升作用，表明“见贤思齐”效应依然占主导。实证研究表明：地方政府应高度重视城市创新的正、负向空间溢出，积极发挥“见贤思齐”的积极作用，避免“见劣自缓”的负面影响，对不同城市类型采取差别化约束机制，坚持分类指导、特色发展，以快速有效地提升城市生态效率，实现区域绿色发展、协调发展的目标。
关键词 ： 城市创新, 空间溢出, 生态效率, 异质性, 非凸共同前沿
Abstract: It is necessary to attach great importance to regional heterogeneity in the precence of innovation driven urban green development，promoting ecological efficiency through innovation and its spatial spillovers． In this study，we extend the convex metafrontier to non－convex one and measure the eco－efficiency of 191 prefectural－level cities in China by using the proposed DEA model to research the promotion mechanisms of the spatial spillovers from city innovation including higher－order pressure and lower－order suction on eco－efficiency during the period of 2003－2015． The main findings are as follows: the higher－order pressure of city innovation in neighboring areas exerts a significant boosting effect on the local regions’eco－efficiency，indicating the effect of“Witnessing Excellence and Emulating ( WEE) ”is prominent，and the effect will be strengthened with the distance threshold increasing． The subgroup estimation results show that the higher－order pressure of city innovation of the prefecture in eastern region，the prefectures listed as key environmental protection， the prefectures do not list as resource－based cities and two control zones have a significant positive effect on eco－efficiency， indicating that the hypothesis of WEE plays a dominant role． The empirical findings suggest that we should attach great importance to the positive and negative spatial spillovers of city innovation，actively play the positive role of WEE other than the oppose patterns and adopt differential restraint mechanisms for different types of cities． In order to improve the eco－efficiency of prefecture－level cities quickly and effectively，and achieve the goal of regional green development and coordinated development， the government should adopt differential constraint mechanism for different cities．
Keywords: Urban Innovation; Spatial Spillovers; Eco－efficiency; Heterogeneity; Non－convex Metafrontier
基金资助:本文系国家自然科学基金项目“异质性资源禀赋下城市生态效率度量、空间溢出及其驱动机制研究”(４１５７１５２４)、国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“推进我国区域经济、政治、社会、文化及生态协同发展研究”(１１＆ＺＤ０１２)、国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“交通污染排放的社会外部性及其对公共健康的影响研究”(１７ＺＤＡ０８１)的阶段性成果。
全文：
创新对中国城市生态效率的影响研究———基于空间溢出分解的视角.pdf