Application and Enlightenment of Ecological Compensation for Air Pollution Control in China
Wang Huiqing and Shan Yuli
摘要：党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央始终把生态文明建设摆在治国理政的重要战略位置。我国生态文明建设工作中的一项重要任务，就是治理大气污染，改善空气质量。目前，我国大气污染治理工作已步入科学化和精细化阶段，各项政策措施正在积极推进和部署。但由于我国存在产业结构偏重、能源结构偏煤、交通运输结构不合理等现实情况，导致出现大气污染物排放总量大、排放强度高、治理资金不足等问题，大气污染防治工作已进入攻坚阶段。在此背景下，建立大气污染治理生态补偿机制，不仅能够协调大气污染治理各参与方的相关利益，提高大气污染治理效率，而且有利于发挥金融手段对市场的激励和引导作用，推动生态文明建设事业长足发展。但是，由于大气污染的成因复杂，且具有明显的跨区域流动性，相对于生态补偿的传统领域而言，大气污染治理生态补偿对区域间的协同合作要求更高，是生态补偿的难点领域。我国应从促进生态补偿与社会经济协同发展，拓展市场化、多元化的补偿途径，健全大气污染治理的投融资机制，完善大气污染治理生态补偿制度体系等角度出发，加快建立市场化、多元化的大气污染治理生态补偿机制。
关键词：生态补偿；大气污染治理；市场化补偿机制；多元化补偿机制
Abstract: Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese government has been taken great efforts in the development of ecological civilization and considered the construction of ecological civilization as a significant strategy. One of the key tasks in the construction of ecological civilization is to control air pollution and improve air quality. At present, the air pollution control work of China is gradually entering a scientific and refined stage, various policies and measures are being actively promoted. However, it should be noted that the reality of China's heavy industrial structure, unbalanced energy structure, and irrational transportation structure have led to large total emissions of atmospheric pollutants, high intensity of emissions and insufficient funding from the government. Now China's air pollution control has come into a very important tackling phase. Under this situation, the establishment of an ecological compensation mechanism for air pollution control can not only coordinate the relevant interests of all parties involved in air pollution control, improve the efficiency of air pollution control, but also help to play a role of financial instruments to stimulate and guide the market and promote the development of ecological civilization. However, due to the complexity of the causes of air pollution and its interregional mobility, compared with other traditional fields, ecological compensation for air pollution requires higher levels of collaboration and cooperation. In this reason, the government should accelerate the establishment of market-oriented and diversified ecological compensation mechanism from the perspectives of promoting coordinated development of ecological compensation and social economy, expanding marketization and diversified compensation channels, improving investment and financing mechanisms for air pollution control, improving the ecological compensation mechanism for air pollution control and improving the ecological compensation system for air pollution control.
Keywords: Ecological Compensation; Air Pollution Control; Market-oriented Compensation Mechanism; Diversified Compensation Mechanism
DOI:10.19511/j.cnki.jee.2020.02.008