The Change of the Export Competitiveness of China＇s Manufacturing Industry in the Global Value Chain
Xiao Hao，Ye Jiabai and Yan Cong
摘要：针对单一的出口竞争力指数难以充分反映一国出口竞争力的真正面貌，本文在传统显性比较优势指数和前向关联增加值出口的显性比较优势指数等基础上，进一步考虑产业的后向联系、出口中隐含的碳排放等特征，在全球绿色价值链视角下提出了产业出口竞争力的多维分析方法。利用1995-2009年WIOD数据库，通过综合对比分析中国制造业在传统RCA指数、前向和后向产业关联增加值出口RCA指数，前向和后向产业关联的隐含碳出口RCA指数五个维度的典型事实，可以发现：不同类型制造业部门具有差异化的出口竞争力特征，体现为部门之间的整体竞争力差异，部门内部出口竞争力偏向差异，以及出口竞争力偏向的演化差异等。整体而言，国内增加值率和单位产出碳排放是影响中国制造业全球绿色价值链出口竞争优势的关键因素，中国制造业在前者的全球排名相对靠后，后者的全球排名相对靠前，亟需通过创新驱动和绿色发展实现中国制造业迈向价值链的中高端。
关键词 ： 出口竞争力, 全球价值链, 增加值出口, 碳排放
Abstract: A single index is hard to fully depict the whole characteristics of one country＇s export competitiveness．Based on the revealed comparative advantage index and the new revealed comparative advantage index of the value added exports by forward linkage，we introduced other three new revealed comparative advantage indexes，which is based on the backward industrial linkage，and the carbon emission embodied in export by forward/backward linkage to construct a multidimensional analysis framework of the export competitiveness in the global value chain． Based on those five dimension ＲCA indexes，we utilize the database of WIOD to analyze the evolutionary characteristics of China’ s manufacturing industries by the various comparison． The results show that each manufacturing sectors have itsown export competitiveness characteristics in the global value chain． And there are the different export competitiveness among sectors， the preference differences and the dynamic change differences in one sector． In all，the domestic value rate and carbon emission per output is one of the key factors to affect the whole export competitiveness in the global value chain． As the ＲCA indexes based on the domestic value rate in China is relative lower than other developed countries， the ＲCA indexes based on the carbon emission per output are on the contrary，China need to speed up the manufacter sectors to the topper level via the innovation and green development path．
Keywords: Global Value Chain; Embodied Carbon; Value Added Export; Export Competitiveness
基金资助:本文系国家自然科学基金面上项目“GVC贸易利益与碳减排的协调机制及基于GVC-CGE模型的政策评估研究”（71673081）、国家社会科学基金重大项目“‘一带一路’相关国家贸易竞争与互补关系研究”(16ZDA038)的支持、湖湘青年英才，湖南省自然科学基金青年项目“全球价值链视角下“双反”调查的贸易效应和福利效应”（2018JJ3082）的阶段性研究成果。
全文：
全球价值链视角下中国制造业绿色出口竞争力的变化.pdf
DOI:10．19511/j．cnki．jee．2018．02．007