The Environmental Effect of Outsourcing in China’ s Manufacturing Industry
Xu Hui and Miao Juying
摘要：我国凭借巨大的制造业总量已成为全球最大的代工平台，同时，我国制造业在全球价值链中处于低附加值的生产环节，高强度消耗和高密集化使用资源给环境造成了巨大的压力，在此背景下，探讨我国制造业承接外包行为的环境污染效应意义重大。本文从表征我国参与全球价值链分工的程度“外包强度”入手，基于我国15大类制造行业2001-2014年的面板数据，运用动态固定效应和门槛回归模型就外包强度通过规模效应、结构效应以及技术效应作用于环境污染的影响展开研究。结果表明，外商直接投资（FDI）门槛变量对外包作用于环境污染的规模以及结构效应的影响不显著，对技术效应有显著影响：外包通过技术效应对工业废气排放量的作用方向为正，其正向影响程度随FDI的不断提升而逐渐减弱；环境规制门槛变量对外包的环境污染效应有显著影响：外包通过规模效应对工业废气排放量的作用方向随着环境规制水平的不断增强呈U型曲线特征。外包通过结构以及技术效应对工业废气排放量的作用方向为正，其正向作用效果均表现出随着环境规制的不断提升而逐渐减弱。由此提出：政府部门应当根据我国当前状况制定合理的环境管制政策，正确把握引资政策的调整方向，同时加强对制造业部门引资行为的监督，以引导各企业承接外包结构的清洁化。
关键词 ： 制造业, 环境效应, 外包强度, 门槛回归模型
Abstract: For a huge amount of manufacturing industry，China has become the world’ s largest subcontracting platform． At the same time， Chinese manufacturing is still in a low－value－added production in the global value chain．High－intensity consumption and high concentration of resources have exerted great pressure on the environment． Under this background， it is of great significance to explore the environmental pollution effects of China’ s manufacturing undertaking of outsourcing． Starting from the degree of outsourcing intensity of China’ s participation in the global value chain division of labor， we use the dynamic fixed effect and threshold regression model to study the scale， structure and technology effect of outsourcing intensity on environmental pollution． Outsourcing through technology effects on the direction of industrial emissions is positive， and its positive impact degree gradually weakens with the continuous improvement of FDI． Environmental regulation threshold variables have a significant impact on the environmentalpollution effect of outsourcing． The direction of the scale effect of outsourcing intensity on industrial waste gas discharge is U－shaped curve with the increasing of environmental regulation level． Outsourcing through the structure and technology effects on the direction of industrial emissions is positive， and its positive impact degree gradually weakens with the continuous improvement of environmental regulation． It is proposed that government departments should formulate reasonable environmental control policies based on the actual situation in China， correctly grasp the direction of adjustment of investment policies， and at the same time strengthen the supervision of the investment activities of the manufacturing sector， in order to guide enterprises to undertake the clean－up of the outsourcing structure．
Keywords: Manufacturing Industry; Environmental Pollution; Outsourcing Intensity; Threshold Ｒegression Model
基金资助:本文系国家自然科学基金项目“基于生态系统健康的流域可持续管理能力评价研究”(７１３７３１０９);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“经济增长、环境污染与环保投资的关系研究”(１８ＬＺＵＪＢＷＺＹ０６５)的阶段性研究成果。
DOI:10．19511/j．cnki．jee．2018．02．008